How To Plant Kale [ Full Guide ]

Kale, a nutrient-dense leafy green, is a popular vegetable known for its hardiness and ease of cultivation. It is a fantastic addition to any garden, offering a delicious and healthy addition to your meals. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a beginner, learning how to plant kale is a straightforward process that can yield a bountiful harvest if done correctly. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the steps of successfully planting kale, from selecting the right variety to preparing the soil and choosing between seeds and transplants.

Quick Answer: How To Plant Kale

Before delving into the detailed steps, here’s a quick overview of how to plant kale:

1. Choose the Right Variety: Select the type of kale that suits your climate and taste preferences.
2. Select a Location: Pick a sunny spot with well-drained soil for planting kale.
3. Prepare the Soil: Ensure the soil is rich in nutrients, well-drained, and has a slightly acidic pH.
4. Starting from Seeds vs. Transplants: Determine whether to start from seeds or use transplants based on your preference and the growing season.
5. Planting: Sow seeds or transplant seedlings according to spacing requirements.
6. Care and Maintenance: Water, fertilize, and protect the plants from pests and diseases.
7. Harvesting: Harvest the outer leaves when they reach a suitable size, allowing the inner leaves to continue growing.

Now, let’s explore each step in greater detail.

Choosing The Right Variety Of Kale

Before you start planting kale, it’s important to consider which variety best suits your needs and growing conditions. There are several types of kale to choose from, each with its own unique characteristics.

Common Varieties Of Kale

1. Curly Kale: This is the most recognizable type, with ruffled leaves and a slightly peppery flavor. Curly kale comes in different colors, including green, purple, and blue-green.
2. Lacinato (Dinosaur) Kale: Recognizable by its dark blue-green, bumpy leaves, this variety has a slightly sweeter taste and is often favored for its tenderness.
3. Red Russian Kale: With purplish-red stems and frilly gray-green leaves, this variety boasts a mild and sweet flavor.
4. Siberian Kale: This variety has flat, fringed leaves and is renowned for its cold tolerance and rich flavor, making it suitable for cooler climates.

Considerations For Choosing A Variety

When selecting a variety of kale, consider the climate in your region and your culinary preferences. For cooler climates, Siberian kale may be a better choice, while Red Russian kale can thrive in milder conditions. Additionally, consider whether you prefer the traditional curly kale or the distinctive texture and flavor of Lacinato kale.

It’s also worth noting that kale is a cool-season crop, so choosing a variety that can withstand frost will be beneficial if you plan to grow it through the fall and winter.

Selecting A Location For Planting

After choosing the right variety of kale, the next step is to select an appropriate location for planting. Kale thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, making it suitable for a wide range of garden settings.

Sunlight Requirements

Identify a spot in your garden that receives at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily. While kale can tolerate some shade, it generally performs best in full sun. Adequate sunlight encourages robust growth and enhances the flavor of the leaves.

Soil Quality And Drainage

In addition to sunlight, consider the soil quality and drainage in the chosen location. Kale thrives in well-draining, fertile soil with a slightly acidic pH level ranging from 6.0 to 7.0.

Avoiding Waterlogged Areas

Ensure the chosen spot does not have issues with waterlogging, as kale is susceptible to root rot when exposed to consistently wet soil. If the soil in your garden tends to retain water, consider creating raised beds or improving drainage through soil amendments.

Protection From Strong Winds

While kale is hardy, strong winds can damage the leaves and stress the plant. Choosing a location that provides some protection from strong winds can help prevent damage and promote healthy growth.

Preparing The Soil For Planting

The key to successful kale cultivation is preparing the soil to provide the plant with the nutrients and conditions it needs to thrive. The following steps will guide you through the soil preparation process.

Soil Amendment

1. Test the Soil: Start by testing the soil in the chosen location to determine its pH level and nutrient content. Many gardening centers offer soil testing kits, or you can send a sample to a local agricultural extension office for analysis.
2. Adjust pH: If the soil pH is too high (alkaline), you can lower it by incorporating organic matter such as compost, peat moss, or pine needles. For higher pH levels, you can add elemental sulfur to lower the pH gradually.
3. Add Organic Matter: Incorporate well-rotted compost or aged manure into the soil to improve its structure, fertility, and moisture retention.

Fertilization

1. Balanced Fertilizer Application: Prior to planting, apply a balanced fertilizer or a formulation higher in nitrogen to promote vigorous leafy growth. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the appropriate application rate.

Soil Aeration

1. Tilling the Soil: Loosen the soil to a depth of at least 8-12 inches to improve aeration and ensure the roots can penetrate easily.
2. Weed Removal: Remove any existing weeds from the planting area to prevent competition for nutrients and space.

By taking these steps, you’ll create a favorable environment for the kale to establish strong roots and thrive throughout its growth cycle.

Starting From Seeds Vs. Transplants

The next decision to make when planting kale is whether to start with seeds or transplants. Each method has its benefits and considerations, so it’s important to weigh the options based on your preferences and the current growing season.

Starting From Seeds

1. Timing: Direct seeding is typically done in early spring, about 2-4 weeks before the last frost date, or in late summer for a fall harvest.
2. Seed Depth: Sow the seeds 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep in the prepared soil, spacing them 12-18 inches apart in rows 18-24 inches apart.
3. Thinning: When the seedlings have developed their first set of true leaves, thin them to the strongest plants, leaving 8-12 inches between plants.

Using Transplants

1. Availability: Transplants are readily available at gardening stores and nurseries, offering a convenient option for those who want to skip the seed starting process.
2. Timing: Plant transplants in early spring as soon as the soil can be worked, or in late summer for a fall crop. Space the transplants 12-18 inches apart in rows 18-24 inches apart.

When choosing between seeds and transplants, consider factors such as the growing season, convenience, and your level of gardening experience. Both methods can yield successful kale plants when given the proper care and attention.

Planting kale is a rewarding and relatively straightforward endeavor that can result in a bountiful harvest of this nutritious and versatile leafy green. By carefully selecting the right variety, providing a suitable location with good soil, and choosing the optimal planting method, you can set the stage for robust kale growth and a successful harvest.

As you embark on your kale-growing journey, remember to continue providing care and maintenance, including regular watering, fertilization, and pest management, to ensure the health and productivity of your kale plants. With diligence and attention to detail, you can enjoy a continuous supply of fresh, homegrown kale for use in culinary creations and to nourish your body with its abundant health benefits.

Planting Kale Seeds

Kale is a nutritious and versatile leafy green vegetable that has gained popularity in recent years due to its health benefits and culinary uses. It is a member of the cabbage family and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Whether you are an experienced gardener or a beginner, planting kale in your garden is relatively easy and can provide you with a continuous supply of fresh greens throughout the growing season.

1. Choosing The Right Variety

Before you start planting kale, it is important to choose the right variety based on your preferences and the growing conditions in your area. There are various types of kale available, including curly kale, Tuscan kale (also known as dinosaur kale), and red Russian kale. Each variety has its own unique flavor and texture.

2. Timing

Kale is a cool-season crop that thrives in mild temperatures. It can tolerate light frosts, but it is best to plant it in the spring or fall when the temperature ranges between 60-75°F (15-24°C). If you live in a region with cold winters, you can also plant kale in late summer for a fall harvest. Check with your local agricultural extension office or consult a gardening calendar for the recommended planting dates in your area.

3. Preparing The Soil

Kale grows best in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Start by preparing the soil by removing any weeds or debris. Loosen the soil with a garden fork or tiller to a depth of about 8-10 inches (20-25 cm) to allow the roots to spread easily. Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to improve its fertility and moisture retention.

4. Sowing The Seeds

Kale seeds are small and can be sown directly into the garden bed. Create furrows in the soil, approximately ¼ inch (6 mm) deep and 12-18 inches (30-45 cm) apart. Carefully scatter the seeds along the furrows, aiming for a spacing of about ½ inch (1 cm) between each seed. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and gently press down to ensure good seed-to-soil contact.

5. Watering And Care

After sowing the seeds, water the bed thoroughly to help the seeds settle into the soil. Keep the soil consistently moist throughout the germination period, which usually takes around 7-14 days. Aim to provide about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week, either through rainfall or supplementary irrigation.

Transplanting Kale Seedlings

1. Seedling Care

Once the kale seedlings have developed their first true leaves and are around 3-4 inches (7-10 cm) tall, it is time to transplant them into the garden. This usually occurs about 4-6 weeks after sowing the seeds. Before transplanting, ensure that the seedlings have been hardened off by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions, such as sunlight and wind, over a period of 7-10 days. This helps to acclimate the seedlings and reduce the risk of transplant shock.

2. Selecting The Planting Location

Choose a sunny location in your garden for transplanting the kale seedlings. Kale thrives in full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. The soil should be well-draining and enriched with organic matter. Avoid areas prone to standing water or moisture retention, as this can lead to root rot.

3. Transplanting Process

To transplant the seedlings, first, water the garden bed thoroughly to ensure the soil is moist. Using a trowel, dig a hole that is slightly larger than the root ball of the seedling. Gently lift the seedling from its container, being careful not to disturb the roots. Place the seedling into the hole and backfill with soil, firming it gently around the base of the plant. Space the kale plants about 12-18 inches (30-45 cm) apart to provide enough room for growth.

4. Caring For Transplanted Seedlings

After transplanting the seedlings, water them thoroughly to help settle the soil around the roots. Continue to keep the soil consistently moist throughout the growing season, aiming for about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week. Regularly monitor the plants for signs of stress or any pest infestations. If necessary, apply organic pest control methods to protect the plants.

Watering And Fertilizing Kale Plants

1. Watering

Kale plants require regular watering, especially during hot and dry periods. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Overly dry soil can cause the leaves to become bitter and tough. Water deeply at the base of the plants rather than sprinkling the foliage to prevent disease and promote strong root development. Consider using a drip irrigation system to provide a slow and consistent water supply to the plants.

2. Fertilizing

Kale is a nutrient-hungry plant that benefits from regular feeding. Before planting, incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to provide a slow-release source of nutrients. Additionally, apply a balanced organic fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, a few weeks after transplanting the seedlings. Follow the package instructions for the appropriate dosage and frequency. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as excessive nitrogen can lead to excessive leaf growth and reduced flavor.

Mulching To Support Kale Growth

1. Mulch Benefits

Mulching is an essential practice in kale cultivation as it helps to conserve soil moisture, suppress weed growth, and maintain a more even soil temperature. It also prevents soil erosion and protects the plants’ roots from extreme temperatures.

2. Mulch Types

Choose a mulch material that is organic and readily available, such as straw, shredded leaves, or compost. Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants, keeping it a few inches away from the stems to prevent rot. Aim for a thickness of 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) to provide adequate insulation and weed suppression.

3. Mulching Tips

Apply the mulch after the soil has warmed up and the seedlings are established, usually a couple of weeks after transplanting. Ensure that the soil is moist before applying the mulch, as it will help to retain the moisture. Regularly inspect the mulch layer and remove any weeds or invasive plants that may emerge from it.

Planting kale in your garden is a rewarding endeavor that allows you to enjoy the health benefits and culinary uses of this nutritious leafy green. By following the steps outlined in this article, from sowing seeds to caring for the plants until harvest, you can ensure a successful kale crop. Remember to choose the right variety, prepare the soil properly, provide adequate water and nutrients, and use mulch to support the growth of your kale plants. With a little effort and care, you will be able to harvest fresh and vibrant kale leaves throughout the growing season.

Protecting Kale From Pests And Diseases

Kale is generally a hardy plant, but it can still be susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Here are some tips to protect your kale crop:

• Pests: Common pests that may attack kale include aphids, cabbage loopers, and flea beetles. To prevent infestations, you can:
  • Install row covers over the young plants to create a physical barrier against pests.
  • Use organic insecticides or homemade insecticidal soap to control pests if necessary.
  • Encourage natural predators like ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, which feed on pests.
• Diseases: Some diseases that can affect kale include powdery mildew, downy mildew, and clubroot. To prevent diseases:
  • Rotate your kale crop annually to avoid a buildup of soilborne pathogens.
  • Water your kale plants at the base to keep the foliage dry and minimize the spread of fungal diseases.
  • Make sure there is adequate air circulation between plants by spacing them appropriately.
  • Remove any infected leaves or plants immediately to prevent the disease from spreading.

Harvesting Kale Leaves

Kale leaves can be harvested throughout the growing season, starting from around 70-90 days after planting. Here’s how to harvest kale properly:

• Maturity: Kale leaves can be harvested at any size, but they are typically most tender and flavorful when they are young and small. However, if you prefer larger leaves, allow them more time to mature.
• Harvesting Method: To harvest kale, use a sharp knife or scissors to cut the outer leaves from the plant. Leave the inner leaves to continue growing. This method allows the plant to produce new leaves for further harvests.
• Continuous Harvesting: As kale plants grow, you can continue harvesting leaves from the outer portion, leaving the center leaves to mature. This way, you can enjoy a continuous supply of fresh kale throughout the season.
• Timing: Harvest kale in the morning when the leaves are freshest and not stressed by the heat of the day. This also allows you to enjoy the highest nutritional content in the leaves.

Storing And Preserving Kale

To make the most of your kale harvest and enjoy it for a longer period, you can store and preserve the leaves in various ways:

• Refrigeration: Kale can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week. Wrap the leaves in a slightly damp paper towel and place them in a plastic bag or airtight container. This helps retain moisture and slow down the wilting process.
• Blanching and Freezing: Blanching kale helps preserve its color, texture, and flavor. Start by washing and removing the tough ribs from the leaves. Then blanch them in boiling water for 2-3 minutes, followed by an ice bath to stop the cooking process. Pat dry and freeze the blanched leaves in an airtight container or freezer bag.
• Dehydrating: You can also dehydrate kale leaves to make crispy kale chips. Wash and dry the leaves thoroughly, remove the tough ribs, and then coat them in olive oil and seasoning of your choice. Dehydrate in a food dehydrator or oven at a low temperature until the leaves become crisp.
• Pesto or Sauces: Blend kale leaves with garlic, nuts, cheese, and olive oil to make a flavorful kale pesto. You can also use kale as an ingredient in soups, stews, and smoothies for added nutrition.

Tips For Success With Growing Kale

Here are some additional tips to help you succeed in growing kale:

• Sunlight: Kale thrives in full sun but can also tolerate partial shade. Ensure that your kale plants receive at least 6-8 hours of sunlight each day for optimal growth.
• Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, but avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot. Water deeply and infrequently, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings.
• Fertilizing: Kale is a heavy feeder and benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced organic fertilizer or compost around the base of the plants every four to six weeks to provide a continuous supply of nutrients.
• Mulching: Mulching around the base of your kale plants helps retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
• Companion Planting: Planting kale with companion plants such as onions, garlic, and herbs like dill or thyme can help repel pests and attract beneficial insects.
• Crop Rotation: To prevent the buildup of diseases and pests in the soil, rotate your kale crop every year, planting it in a different location within your garden.

Conclusion

With its numerous health benefits and versatility in the kitchen, kale is a fantastic addition to any home garden. By following these planting and cultivation guidelines, as well as implementing strategies to protect your kale from pests and diseases, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of this nutritious leafy green. Remember to harvest properly and store the leaves for long-term enjoyment. With a little care and attention, you can successfully grow and reap the rewards of fresh kale in your own backyard.

FAQS

What Is The Best Time To Plant Kale?

Kale is a cool-season vegetable that thrives in temperatures between 60-70 degrees Fahrenheit. It is best to plant it in early spring or late summer, depending on your location. It can also be grown in fall and winter in mild climates.

Where Should I Plant Kale In My Garden?

Kale prefers a spot in your garden that receives full sun, but it can also tolerate partial shade. It also does well in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH level between 6.0-7.5. Avoid planting it in areas where other cabbage-family crops have recently grown to prevent disease.

How Do I Prepare The Soil For Planting Kale?

Loosen the soil to a depth of 8-10 inches and remove any weeds or debris. Work in a 2-3 inch layer of organic matter, such as compost, to improve drainage and add nutrients to the soil. You can also add a balanced fertilizer according to the package instructions.

How Far Apart Should I Space My Kale Plants?

Space your kale plants 12-18 inches apart in rows that are 2-3 feet apart. This will give them enough room to grow and allow good air circulation to help prevent diseases.

What Is The Best Way To Water Kale Plants?

Keep the soil evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Water deeply once a week, or more frequently in hot weather. Avoid getting water on the leaves as wet foliage can lead to fungal diseases. A layer of mulch around the plants can help retain moisture in the soil.