How To Plant Microgreens [ Full Guide ]

August 18, 2023
/ Planting Tips

Microgreens are tiny, nutrient-dense greens that are harvested just a few weeks after germination. They are packed with flavor and nutrients and have become increasingly popular in the culinary world. Growing microgreens at home is a rewarding and straightforward process that can be done year-round. In this comprehensive guide, you will learn everything you need to know about planting microgreens, including the types of microgreens, their health benefits, how to choose the right seeds, and the step-by-step process to plant and grow your own microgreens.

Quick Answer: How To Plant Microgreens

To plant microgreens, you will need:

Shallow trays or containers
High-quality soil or growing medium
Microgreen seeds
Water spray bottle
Transparent lid or plastic wrap

Here’s a quick overview of the process:

Fill your trays with the growing medium.
Moisten the soil and evenly spread the seeds.
Cover the seeds lightly with more soil.
Mist the seeds with water.
Cover the trays with a transparent lid or plastic wrap.
Place the trays in a warm, well-lit area.
Keep the soil moist and watch the seeds germinate.
After a few weeks, harvest your microgreens and enjoy!

Now, let’s delve deeper into each step and explore the world of microgreens in more detail.

What Are Microgreens

Microgreens are young vegetable greens that are harvested just after the first true leaves have developed. They are smaller than "baby greens" and larger than "sprouts." Typically, microgreens are around 1-3 inches tall and come in a variety of colors and flavors. While they have been a staple in the culinary world for decades, they have gained significant popularity in recent years due to their high nutrient content and vibrant appearance.

Types Of Microgreens

There is a wide variety of plants that can be grown as microgreens. Some popular microgreens include:

Arugula: This peppery, mustard-flavored green adds a zing to salads and sandwiches.
Broccoli: Rich in vitamins and antioxidants, broccoli microgreens have a mild, slightly spicy flavor.
Radish: Radish microgreens are known for their vibrant colors and strong peppery flavor.
Kale: Nutrient-dense and earthy, kale microgreens are popular for their health benefits.
Basil: With its intense aroma and flavor, basil microgreens are a favorite in the culinary world.
Cilantro: These microgreens add a fresh, citrusy punch to dishes.

These are just a few examples, and the list of microgreens is extensive, offering a wide range of flavors, textures, and colors to experiment with.

Health Benefits Of Microgreens

Microgreens are not only flavorful and visually appealing; they also pack a powerful nutritional punch. Studies have shown that microgreens can contain significantly higher nutrient levels than their mature counterparts. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a valuable addition to a healthy diet.

Some potential health benefits of consuming microgreens include:

High Nutrient Content: Microgreens can contain up to 40 times more nutrients than their mature counterparts.
Antioxidant-Rich: They are packed with antioxidants that help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals.
Supporting Heart Health: Some microgreens, such as broccoli and radish, contain compounds that may promote heart health.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Certain microgreens have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, potentially aiding in reducing inflammation in the body.

Choosing The Right Seeds For Microgreens

Selecting the right seeds is crucial when planting microgreens. Here are some factors to consider when choosing your microgreen seeds:

Variety: Choose a variety of seeds based on the flavors and colors you want to add to your dishes.
Certified Seeds: Opt for seeds that are certified organic and non-GMO to ensure the highest quality and safety.
Germination Rate: Look for seeds with a high germination rate to ensure a successful yield.
Growing Medium: Some seeds may prefer soil as a growing medium, while others may thrive on hydroponic pads.

When purchasing seeds, it’s essential to buy from reputable suppliers to ensure the seeds are of high quality and free from contaminants.

The Step-by-Step Process Of Planting Microgreens

Here’s a detailed guide on how to plant microgreens, from preparing the trays to harvesting your vibrant and flavorful greens.

Step 1: Selecting Trays And Containers

You can use various types of trays and containers to grow microgreens, including plastic trays with drainage holes, shallow wooden boxes, or even repurposed egg cartons. The trays should be clean and have adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging.

Step 2: Choosing A Growing Medium

For planting microgreens, you can use a high-quality potting mix, coconut coir, or another growing medium that is light, loose, and free from pests and diseases. The growing medium should have good water retention and drainage properties to support seed germination and growth.

Step 3: Preparing The Trays

Fill the trays with the growing medium, leaving about 1-2 inches of space at the top. Level the surface of the growing medium, ensuring it is evenly spread across the trays.

Step 4: Moisten The Soil

Using a spray bottle, moisten the growing medium evenly, ensuring it is not waterlogged. The soil should be moist but not soggy to support seed germination.

Step 5: Sprinkling The Seeds

Evenly sprinkle the microgreen seeds over the moistened soil. For larger seeds, you can space them out, while smaller seeds can be spread more densely. Aim for even coverage without overcrowding the seeds.

Step 6: Covering The Seeds

After spreading the seeds, lightly cover them with a thin layer of the growing medium. This will help keep the seeds in place and provide them with a stable environment for germination.

Step 7: Watering The Seeds

Mist the seeds and the top layer of soil with a spray bottle, ensuring the surface remains moist. Avoid using a direct stream of water as this can displace the seeds.

Step 8: Covering The Trays

Cover the trays with a transparent lid or plastic wrap to create a greenhouse effect, which helps to retain moisture and create a warm environment conducive to seed germination. The cover should allow some airflow while maintaining a high humidity level.

Step 9: Providing The Right Environment

Place the covered trays in a warm, well-lit area with indirect sunlight. Avoid placing them in direct sunlight, as this can dry out the soil and overheat the seeds. A temperature of around 70-75°F (21-24°C) is ideal for most microgreen varieties.

Step 10: Monitoring Seed Germination

Check the trays daily to ensure the soil remains moist. Mist the soil if it begins to dry out, and monitor the seeds for signs of germination. Within a few days, you should start to see tiny shoots emerging from the soil.

Step 11: Caring For The Seedlings

As the seedlings grow, continue to mist the soil to keep it moist and provide adequate airflow by partially removing the cover once the seeds have germinated. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to mold or fungal growth.

Step 12: Harvesting The Microgreens

After 1-3 weeks, depending on the variety, your microgreens will be ready to harvest. At this stage, the first true leaves will have developed, and the greens will be around 1-3 inches tall. Using clean scissors, snip the microgreens just above the soil level. Rinse them gently and allow them to dry before using them in your culinary creations.

Growing your own microgreens at home is a rewarding and enjoyable experience. From selecting the right seeds to harvesting your vibrant and nutrient-packed greens, the process of planting microgreens is relatively simple and can be done with minimal space and resources. Whether you’re looking to enhance the flavor of your dishes, boost your nutrient intake, or simply enjoy the satisfaction of growing your own food, microgreens are a versatile and beneficial addition to any home garden or kitchen. By following the steps outlined in this guide and experimenting with various types of microgreens, you can embark on a journey of exploration and discovery, harnessing the power of these tiny greens to elevate your culinary creations and promote a healthy lifestyle.

Tools And Supplies Required For Planting

Microgreens are young vegetable greens that are harvested when they are just a few inches tall. They are packed with nutrition and have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their intense flavor, vibrant colors, and versatility in culinary applications. Growing microgreens at home is not only a fun and rewarding hobby but also a great way to add fresh and healthy greens to your diet.

Before you begin planting microgreens, it is essential to gather the necessary tools and supplies. Here are some items you will need:

Seeds: Choose high-quality seeds specifically designated for microgreen production. Common microgreen varieties include broccoli, radish, kale, spinach, lettuce, and cilantro.
Growing medium: Opt for a lightweight and sterile growing medium such as peat moss, coconut coir, or a seed-starting mix. Avoid using garden soil as it may contain pests, diseases, or excessive nutrients that are not suitable for microgreens.
Containers: Look for shallow trays or containers with drainage holes. Plastic or biodegradable trays work well and are easily available. Ensure that your containers are clean and sanitized before use.
Watering can or spray bottle: Microgreens require frequent and gentle watering. A watering can with a narrow spout or a spray bottle can help distribute water evenly without disturbing the seeds.
Grow lights: If you are growing microgreens indoors or in a location with inadequate sunlight, you will need artificial grow lights. LED or fluorescent grow lights are ideal for providing the right amount and quality of light for plant growth.
Plastic wrap or humidity dome: Using a plastic wrap or a humidity dome can create a greenhouse-like environment, retain moisture, and promote germination. This is particularly helpful during the early stages of growth.
Scissors or a sharp knife: You will need a tool to harvest your microgreens once they are ready. Scissors or a sharp knife come in handy for a clean and precise cut.

Preparation Of Soil And Containers

Now that you have gathered the necessary tools and supplies, it’s time to prepare the soil and containers for planting your microgreens. Follow these steps for optimal results:

Clean and sanitize the containers: Cleanliness is crucial to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi. Wash your containers with soap and hot water, or use a diluted bleach solution to sanitize them. Rinse thoroughly to remove any residue.
Drainage holes: Ensure that your containers have sufficient drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. If your containers do not have pre-drilled holes, you can use a hot nail or a drill to create them.
Sterilize the growing medium: If you are using a seed-starting mix or coconut coir, they are usually pre-sterilized and do not require further treatment. However, if you are using peat moss or garden soil, it is essential to sterilize them to eliminate any potential pathogens or weed seeds. You can do this by baking the soil in an oven at 180°F (82°C) for 30 minutes or microwaving it for 8-10 minutes.
Fill the containers: Fill the containers with the prepared growing medium, leaving around half an inch of space from the top to allow for watering and expansion of the roots. Gently tap the container to settle the soil.

Planting Techniques For Microgreens

Now that your containers are ready, it’s time to sow the seeds and kickstart the growth of your microgreens. Follow these planting techniques to ensure successful germination and healthy growth:

Evenly distribute seeds: Scatter the seeds evenly over the soil surface, ensuring that they are not crowded or clumped together. Aim for a fairly dense but not overly thick coverage.
Sow at the appropriate depth: Generally, microgreens are sown at a depth of 1/8 to 1/4 inch. However, it’s best to refer to the specific instructions provided with your seeds as some varieties may require different planting depths.
Press down gently: After sowing the seeds, lightly press them into the soil using your hands or a small flat object like a clean plastic lid. This ensures good seed-to-soil contact, which aids in germination.
Water gently: Once the seeds are in place, gently water the soil using a watering can or spray bottle. Avoid drenching the soil as excessive water can lead to rotting. Moistening the soil evenly without causing pooling is ideal.
Cover for germination: If you prefer to create a controlled environment for germination, cover the containers with plastic wrap or place a humidity dome over them. This helps to retain moisture and warmth, which promotes faster and more uniform germination.
Provide adequate light: Microgreens require sufficient light to grow properly and develop their vibrant colors. If you are growing microgreens indoors, place them under a source of artificial grow lights or near a sunny window where they can receive 12-16 hours of light per day.

Caring For Microgreens

Proper care is crucial during the growth and development of microgreens. Here are some important aspects to consider:

Watering: Microgreens have shallow roots, so they can quickly dry out. Keep the soil consistently moist but not overly wet. Water gently and avoid splashing the seedlings as this can lead to disease. Consider using a watering can with a narrow spout or a spray bottle to distribute water evenly.
Light and temperature: Microgreens thrive in moderate temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C). Provide them with adequate light, either natural or artificial, to ensure healthy and vigorous growth. Adjust the height of the grow lights to keep them approximately 2-4 inches above the tops of the microgreens.
Air circulation: Good air circulation is important to prevent the development of mold or fungus. If you are growing microgreens indoors, consider using a small fan to create gentle air movement.
Thinning: As your microgreens begin to grow, they may become overcrowded. To prevent competition for resources, it is recommended to thin them out by removing excess seedlings. Use scissors or a sharp knife to cut the unwanted seedlings at the base without disturbing the remaining plants.
Fertilization: Microgreens are typically harvested at a young stage, so they do not require heavy fertilization. However, if you notice slow growth or yellowing of leaves, you can use a diluted organic liquid fertilizer to provide a mild nutrient boost. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer packaging for correct application rates.
Pest and disease management: Keep a close eye on your microgreens for any signs of pests or diseases. Common pests that may affect microgreens include aphids, fungus gnats, and caterpillars. If you notice any infestations, consider using organic pest control methods such as neem oil or insecticidal soaps. Additionally, maintaining clean and sanitized growing conditions can help prevent the spread of diseases.

Common Mistakes To Avoid

While growing microgreens can be relatively straightforward, there are some common mistakes that beginners often make. By being aware of these pitfalls, you can avoid them and ensure successful microgreen cultivation. Here are a few mistakes to watch out for:

Overwatering: Excessive watering can lead to root rot and the growth of mold or fungus. Remember to water your microgreens gently and allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
Insufficient light: Microgreens need adequate light to develop properly. Insufficient lighting can lead to weak and leggy growth. Ensure that your microgreens receive at least 12-16 hours of light per day, either from natural sunlight or artificial grow lights.
Using the wrong seeds: Not all seeds are suitable for growing microgreens. It is important to choose seeds that are specifically labeled for microgreen production. Additionally, some seeds may require pre-soaking or pre-sprouting before planting, so make sure to follow the instructions provided with your seeds.
Overcrowding: When sowing the seeds, avoid overcrowding the containers. Overcrowding can lead to competition for resources, poor air circulation, and increased chances of disease. Ensure that the seeds are evenly distributed and not clumped together.
Not thinning seedlings: As your microgreens begin to grow, they may become overcrowded. Failure to thin out excess seedlings can result in stunted growth and lack of nutrients for the remaining plants. Regularly thin out the seedlings to promote healthy growth.
Neglecting cleanliness: Cleanliness is vital to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, mold, or fungi. Make sure to sanitize your containers, tools, and equipment before use. Maintaining a clean growing environment can significantly reduce the risk of disease.

Growing microgreens is a rewarding and accessible way to incorporate fresh and nutrient-packed greens into your diet. By following the step-by-step guide outlined in this article, you can successfully plant and grow your own microgreens at home. Remember to gather the necessary tools and supplies, prepare the soil and containers, follow proper planting techniques, provide adequate care, and avoid common mistakes. With a little time and effort, you can enjoy the benefits of homegrown microgreens and enhance your culinary creations with their vibrant colors and intense flavors. So, roll up your sleeves, get your hands dirty, and embark on the journey of growing your own microgreens!

Choosing Your Seeds

Microgreens are young vegetable greens, harvested just after the sprouting stage. They are packed with nutrients and have been gaining popularity as a healthy and flavorful addition to various dishes. Growing microgreens at home is not only easy but also a rewarding experience.

The first step in planting microgreens is selecting the right seeds. While almost any vegetable or herb can be grown as microgreens, some varieties are preferred for their taste, texture, and ease of cultivation. Here are a few popular choices:

Radish: Radish microgreens have a spicy and crisp flavor that adds a zing to salads and sandwiches. They germinate quickly and are resistant to diseases.
Sunflower: Sunflower microgreens have a mild, nutty taste and are rich in vitamins and minerals. They are easy to grow and add a delightful crunch to your dishes.
Pea: Pea microgreens have a delicate sweet flavor and are loaded with protein, fiber, and antioxidants. They require adequate ventilation during cultivation to prevent mold growth.
Kale: Kale microgreens have a slightly bitter and earthy taste. They are densely packed with vitamins A, C, and K, along with other essential nutrients.
Broccoli: Broccoli microgreens have a mild, peppery flavor and are a great source of vitamins A, C, and E. They are known for their cancer-fighting properties.
Cilantro: Cilantro microgreens have a pungent and citrusy flavor, making them an excellent choice for adding freshness to your dishes.

It’s best to choose organic, untreated seeds to avoid any chemical contaminants that may affect the taste and quality of the microgreens.

Preparing The Growing Medium

Microgreens can be grown in various types of growing mediums, such as soil, coco coir, or hydroponic mats. Soil is the most commonly used medium, and here is how you can prepare it:

Select a shallow tray or container with drainage holes to hold the soil. The tray should be at least 2 inches deep to provide enough space for root development.
Fill the tray with a sterile potting mix or a soilless seed starting mix. Avoid using garden soil, as it may contain unwanted pathogens or weed seeds.
Moisten the soil by gently watering it until it is evenly damp. Make sure not to oversaturate it, as excessive moisture can lead to mold growth.
Flatten the surface of the soil by lightly compacting it with your hand or a small piece of cardboard.

Sowing The Seeds

Now that you have your chosen seeds and prepared the growing medium, it’s time to sow the seeds and start the germination process. Here’s how:

Sprinkle the seeds evenly and densely on the surface of the moist soil. Aim for a layer of seeds that is 1/8 to 1/4 inch thick.
To ensure even germination and growth, gently press down on the seeds using your hand or a flat object. This will help them make contact with the soil.
Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil or vermiculite to protect them from drying out and to help retain moisture.
Mist the seeds with water or use a spray bottle to ensure they are evenly moist. Be careful not to overwater, as excessive moisture can lead to mold and rot.
Place the tray in a warm location, away from direct sunlight. Ideally, the temperature should be around 70-75°F (21-24°C) for optimum germination.
Keep the soil consistently moist by misting it with water as needed. Avoid watering heavily from the top to prevent disturbing the seeds.

Germination And Growth

After sowing the seeds, it usually takes around 2-3 days for them to germinate. Once the seeds have sprouted, you can move the tray to a location with indirect sunlight or place it under grow lights. Here are some important points to consider during the germination and growth stage:

Light: Microgreens require 12-16 hours of light per day for healthy growth. If you don’t have access to sufficient natural sunlight, consider using LED or fluorescent grow lights. Position the lights 4-6 inches above the plants and adjust the height as they grow to prevent stretching.
Watering: Continue misting the tray with water to keep the soil evenly moist. As the microgreens grow, you can transition to bottom watering by placing the tray in a shallow container filled with water. This method allows the plants to absorb water through the drainage holes without wetting the foliage.
Air Circulation: Good air circulation is crucial for preventing mold growth and ensuring healthy growth. Consider using a small fan on low speed to gently circulate the air around the microgreens.
Thinning: After a week or so, when the microgreens have reached a height of about 1-2 inches, it’s time to thin them out. Use a pair of clean scissors to snip away the excess plants, leaving only the strongest and healthiest ones. Thinning ensures better airflow and reduces the competition for nutrients.
Fertilizing: Microgreens are generally harvested before they require additional fertilization. However, if you are growing them for a longer period, you can use a diluted organic liquid fertilizer once a week to provide extra nutrients.

Harvesting Microgreens

Microgreens are typically harvested when they have developed their first set of true leaves. This usually occurs around 7-14 days after sowing, depending on the variety. Here’s how to harvest microgreens:

Check for readiness: Gently lift a few plants from the tray and examine their size and leaf development. Once they have grown to around 1-3 inches, with fully formed leaves, they are ready to be harvested.
Trimming: Use clean scissors or a sharp knife to cut the microgreens just above the soil line. Avoid pulling or tugging the plants, as this can damage the roots of neighboring plants.
Collecting and cleaning: Place the harvested microgreens in a clean container or a colander. Rinse them gently under cold water to remove any soil particles. Shake off excess water and let them air dry before storing or using.

Storing And Using Microgreens

To preserve the freshness and flavor of your harvested microgreens, proper storage is essential. Here are some guidelines for storing and using microgreens:

Refrigeration: Store the microgreens in airtight containers or zip-lock bags lined with paper towels. Place them in the refrigerator, where they can stay fresh for up to a week.
Pre-washing and Drying: If you prefer to wash your microgreens before storage, make sure to dry them thoroughly before packing. Excess moisture can lead to mold growth and spoilage. You can use a salad spinner or lightly pat them dry with a clean towel.
Culinary Uses: Microgreens are incredibly versatile and can be used in various dishes to add color, flavor, and texture. They pair well with salads, sandwiches, wraps, soups, omelets, and even as a garnish for main dishes. Get creative and experiment with different combinations to enjoy the unique taste of each variety.

Creative Ways To Use Microgreens

Microgreens offer a wide range of culinary possibilities beyond simply adding them to salads. Here are a few creative ways to use microgreens:

Smoothies and Juices: Blend microgreens into your favorite smoothie or juice for an added nutritional boost. They can add a vibrant color and a mild, fresh taste to your beverages.
Pesto: Replace or mix microgreens with basil in your homemade pesto sauce. It adds a unique flavor and a pop of color to traditional pesto.
Tacos and Wraps: Sprinkle microgreens over tacos and wraps for a burst of freshness and crunch. They can also serve as a healthy alternative to lettuce or other leafy greens.
Stir-fries and Sautéed Dishes: Add microgreens at the last minute to stir-fries and sautéed dishes for a burst of flavor and visual appeal.
Microgreen Sushi Rolls: Roll microgreens into sushi rolls along with your favorite ingredients for a nutritious twist on traditional sushi.

Final Thoughts: Why You Should Try Growing Microgreens

Growing microgreens at home has numerous benefits, making it a worthwhile endeavor. Here are some reasons why you should give it a try:

Nutritional Powerhouse: Microgreens are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that contribute to a healthy diet.
Quick and Easy: Microgreens have a short growing cycle, and you can enjoy fresh harvests within a few weeks of sowing.
Cost-effective: Growing microgreens at home is a cost-effective way to enjoy a continuous supply of fresh greens without having to rely on store-bought options.
Flavorful and Fresh: Homegrown microgreens offer superior taste and freshness compared to store-bought ones, and you have the freedom to choose from a wide variety of flavors.
Engaging and Educational: Planting and caring for microgreens can be a rewarding and educational experience, especially for children. It teaches them about the plant life cycle and the importance of healthy eating.

Conclusion

Growing your own microgreens is a simple and gratifying experience that allows you to enjoy fresh, nutrient-dense greens year-round. With the right seeds, growing medium, and care, you can harvest these flavorful greens in just a few weeks. Experiment with different varieties, use them in creative ways, and savor the freshness and vibrancy they bring to your culinary endeavors. Start planting microgreens today and embark on your journey towards a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle.

FAQS

What Are Microgreens?

Microgreens are young plants that are grown for consumption at the seedling stage, usually within 1-3 weeks of germination.

What Kind Of Containers Can I Use To Grow Microgreens?

You can use any shallow container with drainage holes, such as a seed tray, plastic container, or even a recycled egg carton.

What Type Of Soil Should I Use For Planting Microgreens?

A lightweight and sterile potting mix or seed starting mix is recommended for growing microgreens. Avoid using garden soil as it may contain weed seeds and diseases that can harm your microgreens.

How Much Sunlight Do Microgreens Need?

Microgreens require about 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight per day. If you don’t have access to natural light, you can also use grow lights to provide them with the necessary light.

How Often Should I Water Microgreens?

It is essential to keep the growing medium moist but not overly watered. Water your microgreens once or twice a day, depending on the humidity of your environment. It’s best to water from the bottom by placing the container in a shallow tray of water for a few minutes.